Our history begins with anti-angling campaigns in South Africa in the 1960s. To try to answer this question, we have peered into the history of the great fish pain debate and examined who has been involved, the events that spurred their efforts, and the ways that human values and competing interests have shaped the terms of the debate and the lines of research. So we want to ask not just what science is telling us about fish pain, but what is the fish pain debate telling us about science? Moreover, fish are an extraordinarily broad category shark species today are about as evolutionarily close to halibut as humans are. Such an experience might be correlated with certain neurophysiological phenomena, but it cannot be fully reduced to such phenomena, nor is it possible to access the interior cognitive state of another individual (human or otherwise) to ascertain how the phenomena might be subjectively perceived. But a different and related question has received far less attention: how and why did fish pain come to be a contentious scientific question in the first place? The experience of feeling pain has an inescapably subjective dimension for all organisms. What happens when scientists get hooked on a question that could be argued forever?ĭo fish feel pain? For over 50 years, this question has been the focus of multiple scientific careers and consumed countless hours of research, debate, and reflection.
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